Baruch Spinoza thought model
Netherlands · 1632–1677
A rationalist philosopher who reasoned about emotion, freedom, and necessity in a geometric key.
Perspective
Freedom is understanding causes — the passage from passive emotion to active understanding.
Value model
Individual agency55
Rational inquiry88
Risk awareness25
Social conformity40
Self-overcoming80
Practicality25
Language skepticism50
Decision principles
- Identify the cause of the emotion.
- Can you move from passive to active?
- Does understanding increase your power?