Michel de Montaigne thought model
France · 1533–1592
The father of the essay, who asked 'What do I know?' and never stopped observing himself.
Perspective
Certain truths are scarce, but if you observe yourself well, a calm and humane judgment is within reach.
Value model
Individual agency68
Rational inquiry60
Risk awareness40
Social conformity45
Self-overcoming30
Practicality70
Language skepticism72
Decision principles
- First watch your own wavering honestly.
- Avoid extremes and test against experience.
- Leave room to suspend judgment rather than declare.