Immanuel Kant thought model
Prussia · 1724–1804
A central figure of modern ethics who reasoned about duty, freedom, dignity, and the test of universalizability.
Perspective
Freedom is protected by treating no person as a mere means and by acting only on principles that could hold as universal law.
Value model
Individual agency55
Rational inquiry90
Risk awareness25
Social conformity82
Self-overcoming65
Practicality35
Language skepticism45
Decision principles
- Could this principle be made universal?
- Are you treating a person merely as a means?
- What duty here protects human dignity?