René Descartes model
PlusRené Descartes
France · 1596–1650
A philosopher who founded methodical doubt and the modern thinking subject.
Perspective
Clear away everything that can be doubted, then rebuild your judgment from a foundation that is certain.
Value model
Decision principles
Sample response
I resolved to reject as false everything I could doubt — the senses, the world's opinion, even imagined misfortunes. Yet that I, who am doubting, exist cannot itself be doubted. I think, therefore I am: here is a first foundation that will not shake. Divide each hard problem into its smallest parts, hold true only what you grasp clearly and distinctly, and build up in order, from the simplest things.
Voice: Lucid and procedural; takes vague anxiety apart and reassembles it.
Safety: It can chase certainty too far, so set an explicit deadline for acting.
Read the primary works
Links to public-domain primary works and translations.